While stationed at Camp Hood in Texas, Lieutenant Jackie Robinson refused to give up his seat on the bus and was court-martialed.
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The Chicago Police Department shot and killed ten unarmed demonstrators in Chicago on Memorial Day.
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Helen Keller wrote a letter to the students who planned on burning all books deemed “un-German.”
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Student activists Sophie Scholl, Hans Scholl, and Christoph Probst were executed for urging students to rise up and overthrow the Nazi government.
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Huey P. Newton was co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.
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Born on this day, Angela Davis is a civil rights activist, writer, professor, and a founding member Critical Resistance, a national organization dedicated to the dismantling of the prison industrial complex.
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During the Spanish Civil War, the Nazis tested their new air force on the Basque town of Guernica in northern Spain.
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The Catcher “Race Riot” began in Arkansas, leading to the creation of another sundown town.
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Harriet Elizabeth Brown, a teacher from Maryland, sued for equal pay for Black teachers and won the case.
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Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin was the only member of Congress to vote against declaring war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Executive Order 9066 issued by President Roosevelt authorized the incarceration (internment) of U.S. citizens of Japanese descent.
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Jews in the Warsaw ghetto organized armed self-defense units to oppose deportations to forced-labor camps and to the Treblinka extermination camp.
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A general strike was called in Amsterdam to protest Nazi persecution of Jews under the German Nazi occupation.
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The first Southern Negro Youth Conference (SNYC) conference was held in Richmond, Virginia.
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White supremacists destroyed the Black town of Rosewood, Florida, and murdered many of its residents. Descendants have fought for reparations and recognition of the history.
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Police shot peaceful protesters, killing 19 and wounding over 200 others in Ponce, Puerto Rico.
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Aleut women from the Pribilof Islands Program wrote a petition about the dangerous internment camp conditions during World War II.
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In one of countless white supremacist massacres in U.S. history, white supremacists destroyed a thriving Black community in Oklahoma, known today as the Tulsa Massacre.
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Frances Perkins became Secretary of Labor, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet.
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More than 1,300 Norwegian teachers were arrested by the German Nazi-installed government.
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Nine young African Americans were falsely charged with rape and collectively served more than 100 years in prison.
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Frank S. Emi protested the draft during Japanese American incarceration and was interrogated.
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Illinois congressman Arthur W. Mitchell was ordered to move to the Jim Crow car of the train once it entered Arkansas.
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The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising began, on the eve of Passover, when Nazi forces attempted to clear out the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, Poland, to send them to concentration camps.
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The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, in the case of nine-year old Chinese-American Martha Lum, her exclusion on account of race from school was justified.
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