Ben Chester White, caretaker on a farm, was brutally murdered by the Ku Klux Klan in Natchez, Mississippi.
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The 14th Amendment to the constitution was passed, granting citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.”
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The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Mildred and Richard Loving in the historic Loving v. Virginia case.
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Black and white protesters attempted to desegregate a pool in St. Augustine, Florida. The owner dumped acid into the protester-filled pool in an attempt to force them to leave. Police officers eventually dragged protesters out of the pool and took them to jail.
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Two hundred and eighty one Africans aboard The Antelope ship were brought to Savannah by the U.S. Treasury.
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The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted.
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The Niagara Movement — starting as a conference of Black leaders in upstate New York — was formed, paving the way for the creation of the NAACP.
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Schoolteacher Elizabeth Jennings Graham successfully challenged racist streetcar policies in New York City.
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Elizabeth Mumbet Freeman won her freedom after she got an attorney and filed a “freedom suit” under the 1780 State Constitution for Massachusetts.
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James Meredith attempted to register at the University of Mississippi.
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Teaching Activity. By Adam Sanchez and Nqobile Mthethwa. 25 pages.
A mixer role play explores the connections between different social movements during Reconstruction.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Lerone Bennett Jr. 1967. 426 pages.
A bottom-up, student friendly text about the people's history of Reconstruction.
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Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
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Teaching Activity. By Ursula Wolfe-Rocca.
In this role play students analyze who is to blame for the illegal, mass deportations of Mexican Americans and immigrants during the Great Depression.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Khaled Beydoun. 2018. 264 pages.
Describes the many ways in which law, policy, and official state rhetoric fueled the resurgence of Islamophobia in the United States
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Deadly election “riots” took place in Barbour County, Alabama against African American politicians and voters.
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Sergeant Edgar Caldwell, a Black man, was hanged before a crowd of spectators in the yard of the Calhoun County jail for riding in a white streetcar.
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Timothy Hood, a veteran of the U.S. Marines, was killed for removing a Jim Crow sign.
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J. C. Farmer, a 19-year-old African American WWII veteran, was killed by a mob of 20 white men.
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